MR ENTEROGRAPHY: AN EMERGENT TECHNIQUE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL BOWEL LESIONS IN ONCOLOGICAL AND NON-ONCOLOGY DISEASES
Abstract
Small bowel is not easily accessed by endoscope and diagnosis of its pathology relies on clinical assessment and imaging. Traditional contrast studies have the disadvantage of not including the mural and extramural details. This is best seen with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) which is rapidly replacing computed tomography enterography due to better soft tissue resolution and lack of ionizing radiation. Comprehensive MRE requires axial and coronal T1- and T2-WI, high-resolution diffusion-weighted images, fat-suppressed three-dimensional T1-W breath-hold gradient-echo images of the abdomen, and pelvis before and after intravenous gadolinium-based contrast material administration. MRE is the preferred imaging technique for small bowel pathology due to its ability to show mural and extramural details which allow differentiation in acute, active, and chronicity of changes. Being radiation free, there is no age limitation for its use.
References
Rollandi GA, Curone PF, Biscaldi E, et al. Spiral CT of the abdomen after distention of small bowel loops with transparent enema in patients with crohn’s disease. Abdom Imaging 1999;24:544-9.
Romano S, De Lutio E, Rollandi GA, et al. Multidetector computed tomography enteroclysis (MDCT-E) with neutral enteral and IV contrast enhancement in tumor detection. Eur Radiol 2005;15:1178-83.
Jaffe TA, Gaca AM, Delaney S, et al. Radiation doses from small-bowel follow-through and abdominopelvic MDCT in crohn’s disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;189:1015-22.
Masselli G, Picarelli A, Di Tola M, et al. Celiac disease: Evaluation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2010;256:783-90.
Gupta A, Postgate AJ, Burling D, et al. A prospective study of MR enterography versus capsule endoscopy for the surveillance of adult patients with peutz-jeghers syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010;195:108-16.
Paolantonio P, Tomei E, Rengo M, et al. Adult celiac disease: MRI findings. Abdom Imaging 2007;32:433-40.
Cronin CG, Lohan DG, Browne AM, et al. MR enterography in the evaluation of small bowel dilation. Clin Radiol 2009;64:1026-34.
Grand DJ, Beland M, Harris A. Magnetic resonance enterography. Radiol Clin North Am 2013;51:99-112.
Pupillo VA, Di Cesare E, Frieri G, et al. Assessment of inflammatory activity in crohn’s disease by means of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Radiol Med 2007;112:798-809.
Maccioni F, Bruni A, Viscido A, et al. MR imaging in patients with crohn disease: Value of T2-versus T1- weighted gadolinium-enhanced MR sequences with use of an oral superparamagnetic contrast agent. Radiology 2006;238:517-30.
Chalian M, Ozturk A, Oliva-Hemker M, et al. MR enterography findings of inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011;196:W810-6.
Kamaoui I, De-Luca V, Ficarelli S, et al. Value of CT enteroclysis in suspected small-bowel carcinoid tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010;194:629-33.
Van Weyenberg SJ, Meijerink MR, Jacobs MA, et al. MR enteroclysis in the diagnosis of small-bowel neoplasms. Radiology 2010;254:765-73.
Beggs AD, Latchford AR, Vasen HF, et al. Peutz-jeghers syndrome: A systematic review and recommendations for management. Gut 2010;59:975-86.
Melamud K, Colip C, Soto JA. MR in the small bowel: Applications, techniques, and imaging findings. Appl Radiol 2016;45:24-6.
Hoeffel C, Crema MD, Belkacem A, et al. Multi-detector row CT: Spectrum of diseases involving the ileocecal area. Radiographics 2006;26:1373-90.
Ramachandran I, Sinha R, Rajesh A, et al. Multidetector row CT of small bowel tumours. Clin Radiol 2007;62:607-14.
Wiarda BM, Heine DG, Rombouts MC, et al. Jejunum abnormalities at MR enteroclysis. Eur J Radiol 2008;67:125-32.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Cancer & Allied Specialties (JCAS) right-of-first publication. In addition, the work will be simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. This license allows others to share the work in whole or part (for non-commercial purpose), with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in JCAS.
Furthermore, authors are free to enter into separate contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work, with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to share their work online or in medical or scientific conferences prior to or during submission process.
